An Ottoman coin from the Baghdad Eyalet coined in 1815 (1231 AH). Within the eight-pointed star there's a Turkic tamgha associated with the local ruler. The coin is a copper 5 Para, a subdivision of the Kuruş, the standard unit of currency in the Ottoman Empire until 1844.

Qāsim Sulaymānī wearing the Order of Dhul-Faqār (Neshan-e Zolfaghar), the highest military honour of Iran. Established in 1856, the order was abolished by the Islamic Republic in 1979, but was re-introduced in 2019, when Sulaymānī officially received it.

A Persian 13th century wall tile filled with the motif of a Chinese dragon. Probably belonged to the Takht-e Soleyman complex built under the Ilkhanid dynasty. V&A Museum.

The official emblem of the state of Turkmenistan, adopted in 2003 by Saparmurat Niyazov (r.1990-2006). It features a steppe horse and the same tapestry pattern seen on the state's flag. On top, a crescent and five stars.

The rubʿ ḥizb became incorporated into the large corpus of Islamicate figures and patterns, appearing most notably on flags and in decorative architecture. One of the earliest examples of flags is this early-13th century Almohad banner captured by the Castilian army during battle. It is at display at the Patrimonio Nacional Museo de Telas Medievales in Burgos and is made of silk and gilded parchment, preserved in an excellent condition.

Afghanistan's Ḥabībullāh Khān (r. 1901-1919) and his Barakzai successors until Nāder Shāh based their national emblem directly on the Ottoman imperial standard. Compare it with this 1 rupee coin dated 1337/1918, the last year of Ḥabībullāh's rule.

The rank insignia worn by Qāsim Sulaymānī in this picture belongs to the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and stands for the rank of (Guardian) Major General.

Historically, each quarter of a ḥizb was marked with a specific sign or inscription, in some cases the octangular figure (or a variation) known as a rubʿ ḥizb. Have a look at this late-Ottoman manuscript of the first Quranic chapter al-Fātiḥa written by Turkish calligrapher Efendi Mehmet Abdülaziz (1871-1934). Here, the stylized rubʿ ḥizb marks the start of the first quarter, right after the opening sentence.

Patch pertaining to the Military Police of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina active during the Bosnian Civil War (1992-1995). The main symbol here is a rubʿ ḥizb. The Bosnian Army was disbanded after the Dayton Peace Agreement.

Jerusalem was elected for the year of 2009 the Capital of Arab Culture, a project by UNESCO and the Arab League to promote Arab heritage and culture. The logo for the event is a colorful rubʿ ḥizb encircling an image of Jerusalem. Note the barbed wire hanging over it.

The rubʿ ḥizb emblem was used well-into 1929, when several different transitional flags appeared in anticipation of Nāder Shāh’s 1930 Kingdom of Afghanistan. This example can be seen in the Firing Line Museum in Cardiff Castle, taken home by the King's Dragoon Guards.

The Ottoman sultan's standard, a stylized and rayed rubʿ ḥizb. Below's 1896 litograph by Frederick Dangerfield shows the sultan's imperial standard (with tughra) and the sultan's naval standard (with star and crescent).

Ateneo Cultural Andaluz Arbonaida was founded in 2012 as cultural association to promote the local culture and traditions, transmit Andalusian history and to popularize the figure of Blas Infante (1885-1936), a Spanish politician known as the "father of Andalusian nationalism".

The Partido Nacionalista Andaluz - Somos Andaluces is a Andalusian nationalist-regionalist party established in 2016 to renew the Andalusian pursue of autonomy after the disbanding of the Andalusian Party. Its flag is a blue rubʿ ḥizb on the foreground of the Andalusian colors.

The Selahaddin El-Kurdi Hareketi is a Syrian opposition militant group of Kurdish fighters formed in 2015. The group operates primarily in Syria's north western forests and mountains. Their logo contains a rubʿ ḥizb in colors associated with the Kurds (green, red and white).

The rubʿ ḥizb is actually very common in traditional Muslim Persian architecture, most notably in the design of the howz (from Arabic ḥawḍ), a centrally positioned symmetrical courtyard pool like this one in a mosque in Teheran.